ABSTRACT
Las familias han estado sufriendo múltiples transformaciones en las últimas cinco décadas, experimentando cambios en su estructura, organización y sistema de relaciones. Esta investigación se da a la tarea de hacer una evaluación del grado de democratización con que los adolescentes perciben a sus familias, en el contexto de la ciudad de Querétaro (México). Utilizamos un enfoque cuantitativo con la aplicación de un cuestionario a adolescentes de secundaria (n = 286, M = 13.01±1.02 años) para medir cuatro rasgos de democratización familiar: convivencia, comunicación, violencia y autoritarismo. Encontramos una tendencia en la percepción entre adolescentes hacia evaluar a sus familias con rasgos de democratización. Sin embargo, aún hay rezagos del autoritarismo que se manifiestan en el ejercicio de la violencia como un medio para enfrentar los problemas intrafamiliares, presente en casi la mitad de los hogares estudiados (47.6%). Los hallazgos son un desafío para académicos/as y profesionales dedicados a la prevención de la violencia, para crear nuevas estrategias capaces de promover la justicia en las relaciones familiares.
During the last five decades, families have been undergoing multiple transformations, experiencing changes in their structure, organization and relationships. This research evaluates the degree of democratization with which adolescents perceive their families, in the context of the city of Querétaro (Mexico). This research uses a quantitative approach applying a questionnaire to high-school adolescents (n = 286, M = 13.01±1.02 years) in order to measure four features of family democratization: family coexistence, communication, violence and authoritarianism. We found a tendency in the perception of adolescents to evaluate their families with traces of democratization. However, there are still traces of authoritarianism that manifest in the use of violence as a means to deal with family problems, which is present in almost half of the households studied (47.6%). Findings present a challenge to academics and professionals dedicated to prevent violence, so as to create new strategies to promote justice in family coexistence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Family , Domestic Violence , Interpersonal Relations , Surveys and Questionnaires , Domestic Violence/prevention & control , Communication , MexicoABSTRACT
Abstract This study analyzed stereotypes on intimate partner violence (IPV) of heterosexual and same-sex couples. The participants, 232 Mexican college students, evaluated physical and psychological IPV exerted by men and women with different sexual orientations. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results indicate that men evaluated women and gay men as having a similar IPV, while men´s perceptions of IPV for these groups were higher than those of women. Women viewed heterosexual men as the most violent and evaluated the other groups with different degrees of IPV. Physical violence is regarded as natural in men, both gay and heterosexual. To conclude, the results suggest that IPV stereotypes are affected by the sex of the evaluators and by their sexual orientation. It is relevant to expand the scope of prevention programs.
Resumo Esta pesquisa avalia estereótipos sobre violência entre parceiros íntimos (VPI) relacionados a casais heterossexuais e homossexuais. Os/as participantes, 232 estudantes universitários mexicanos, avaliaram a VPI física e psicológica exercida por homens e mulheres com diferentes orientações sexuais. Os dados foram analisados com o teste de Wilcoxon. Os resultados indicam que homens avaliaram mulheres e homens gays como apresentando níveis similares de VPI, sendo a percepção masculina sobre VPI nesses grupos superior à feminina. Mulheres percebem homens heterossexuais como mais violentos e atribuem graus diferentes de VPI para os demais grupos. A violência física é vista como natural em homens, homossexuais ou heterossexuais. Para concluir, é possível sugerir que estereótipos de VPI são influenciados pelo sexo do avaliador e por sua orientação sexual. É relevante ampliar o alcance de programas preventivos.